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Earth and atmospheric sciences

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The Stromboli Volcano in Italy has been erupting every five to 20 minutes for thousands of years. New research calls into a question a theory scientists have used to explain the frequent eruptions.

Bursting a bubble?

A generally accepted theory explaining the frequent eruptions at Italy’s Stromboli volcano is called into question by new research.

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Many climate researchers assume that aerosols — microscopic particles in the atmosphere — help to cool the Earth. But new research from MIT shows that aerosols not only cool but also heat the planet, a finding that calls into question some key assumptions about climate change.

The aerosols conundrum

Research shows that aerosols not only cool, but also heat the planet — a finding that may cloud the validity of climate-change models.

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Microbial mats growing in hot spring-fed streams, like these here in Yellowstone National Park, offer insights into the evolution of life on early Earth. As mineral-laden water flow over the mat, silica crystals grow, and the mat eventually turns into stone. The lithified mat is an analogue of conical stromatolites that are found in sedimentary rocks that are billions of years old.

A look back in time

By linking the odd geometry of bacterial growths to photosynthesis, researchers may have a new way to study Earth’s oldest fossils.

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