School of Science

Aaron Leanhardt PhD '03 has developed a new baseball bat that has “moved the fattest part from the end to the area where most contact is made,” reports Steve Henson for The Los Angeles Times.

Aaron Leanhardt PhD '03 speaks with The Athletic reporter Brendan Kuty about his work developing a new “torpedo-like” baseball bat. The bats “are custom-made to player preferences and are designed so that the densest part of the bat is where that particular hitter most often makes contact with the baseball,” writes Kuty. Says Leanhardt of the bat’s design: “It’s just about making the bat as heavy and as fat as possible in the area where you’re trying to do damage on the baseball.” 

MIT researchers have observed “Hofstadter’s butterfly” – the quantum theory that proposes “under the right conditions, tiny electrons in a quantum system could produce an energy spectrum composed of fractals” that would resemble a butterfly, reports Gayoung Lee for Scientific American. The discovery, “emerged from the complex quantum dance of electrons sandwiched between two microscopic layers of graphene,” explains Lee. The results “were unexpected [as] the researchers involved weren’t even trying to hatch Hofstadter’s butterfly from its quantum chrysalis.” 

A new study by researchers at MIT and elsewhere explores “children’s exploitation of language ‘loopholes’ — instances in which kids technically do what adults ask of them but completely violate the true intent of the request,” reports Charlotte Hu for Scientific American. “Sometimes you don’t want to cooperate, but it might feel risky to outright refuse,” explains former postdoc Sophie Bridgers. “We started to be curious about the strategies [kids] used to handle this tension.” 

MIT has been named among the top-performing intuitions in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024, reports The Economic Times. MIT ranks “first in 12 subjects, maintaining its stronghold in fields like engineering, technology, and computer science,” explains Economic Times. 

Prof. Sara Seager, postdoctoral fellow Iaroslav Iakubivskyi and Claire Isabel Webb PhD '20 have designed Phainoterra, an imaginary planet “with a habitable sulfuric acid-based biochemistry” using “extensive scientific research and cross-checking against known physical precepts,” reports Leslie Katz for Forbes. The creation of Phainoterra is a part of “Proxima Kosmos, a new project that unites scientists, including one from NASA, with designers and sci-fi writers to create a speculative solar system consistent with the laws of astronomy and physics.” 

Prof. Richard Binzel speaks with The Naked Scientists host Chris Smith about near-earth objects (NEOs). “It’s the appearance that will distinguish what we call an asteroid and what we call a comet,” explains Binzel. “If it looks like a tiny little star, or star-like, it's an asteroid. But if it's fuzzy, we call it a comet. But generally speaking, they have two different origins. Asteroids tend to come in from the asteroid belt, which is between Mars and Jupiter. And comets tend to come from way out in the far reaches of our Solar System.”

MIT has multiple projects represented in this year’s STAT Madness, a bracket-style competition “highlighting important scientific advances emerging from labs at the nation’s universities, medical schools, and other U.S. research institutions and companies,” reports STAT staff.

Prof. Richard Binzel speaks with Salon reporter Matthew Rosza about his work creating the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, which measures the threat posed by space rocks. Previous measurements expressed “themselves in different ways, and that could be very confusing to the public,” says Binzel. “This was the motivation for finding a common communication system, a common scale that we could put into context any newly discovered object.” 

A new study co-authored by Prof. David Rand found that there was a “20 percent reduction in belief in conspiracy theories after participants interacted with a powerful, flexible, personalized GPT-4 Turbo conversation partner,” writes Annie Duke for The Washington Post. “Participants demonstrated increased intentions to ignore or unfollow social media accounts promoting the conspiracies, and significantly increased willingness to ignore or argue against other believers in the conspiracy,” writes Duke. “And the results appear to be durable, holding up in evaluations 10 days and two months later.”

Prof. Richard Binzel discusses how the risk posed by asteroid 2024 YR4 has now been significantly reduced based off new information gathered on the asteroid’s trajectory, reports Ashley Strickland for CNN. The rapid de-escalation in risk is thanks to the “unsung, meticulous work by astronomers” who conducted a steady stream of follow-up observations of the space rock using telescopes across the globe,” Binzel explains. “I’m pleasantly surprised that we could reduce the probability numbers so quickly.” 

Prof. Richard Binzel speaks with Bloomberg reporter F.D. Flam about tracking asteroid 2024 YR4. “It might seem like things are getting more dangerous or more scary, but what's really happening is we're making ourselves more and more secure,” says Binzel. 

Prof. Richard Binzel speaks with NBC News reporter Denise Chow about the Torino scale, a method he developed for categorizing the risks posed by near-Earth objects. “The idea was to be as transparent as possible about what astronomers know,” says Binzel of the idea behind the scale.

Prof. Richard Binzel speaks with Forbes reporter Jamie Carter about how astronomers are working to determine the trajectory of asteroid 2024 YR4. “Eventually, we expect the probability to fall to zero and reach Torino Scale 0 (all clear!),” says Binzel. “The uncertainty region, which looks like a long spaghetti of fettuccine string, shrinks as we get tracking data over a longer and longer piece of the asteroid’s orbit.”

Prof. Richard Binzel, creator of the Torino scale that NASA uses to measure the threat of incoming objects, speaks with Brandon Truitt of CBS Boston about his quest to track 2024 YR4, an asteroid that astronomers are closely monitoring to see how close it might come to Earth in 2032. “As we get more and more measurements, we keep tracking the asteroid, that uncertainty window, that broad range of where it could go it's going to shrink and shrink," says Binzel. "Until the Earth falls outside of that pathway, we're going to see these probabilities bounce around."