School of Science

Forbes’ Amy Feldman spotlights Ossium, a startup that retrieves and cryopreserves bone marrow for use in life-saving procedures, co-founded by CEO Kevin Caldwell ‘08. “Ossium’s bone marrow has been used to treat blood cancer and, in one case, severe aplastic anemia, a rare and serious condition where the bone marrow stops making enough new red blood cells,” writes Feldman. “We want to make these blood and immune diseases a thing of the past,” says Caldwell.  

Prof. John Urschel speaks to The New Yorker’s Rivka Galchen about AI being used as a tool for teaching and research in the field of mathematics. “I would say what I call the more scientist approach [to new technology] is being focused on trying to push the frontier of things as far as we can as quickly as we can,” says Urschel. “And the artist perspective is, ‘let me do something beautiful and enjoyable and manipulate these things,’ and the act of doing this is really, you know, a joyful thing.” 

Writing for Forbes, alumnus Paul Hsieh discusses radiologists employing rapidly evolving AI tools to help deliver diagnoses. “Radiologists are willing to employ AI tools that have been statistically validated to provide reliable diagnoses, even if we don’t yet fully understand how those tools work,” writes Hsieh. “But radiologists are not content to stop there. We also continually seek to improve genuine human understanding of how AI works in our field as a matter of professional responsibility for ourselves and for our patients.”  

CodeSignal, co-founded by alumnus and CEO Tigran Sloyan, has developed Agentic Skills Intelligence, a new product that “uses AI agents to evaluate the skills people use in their work and links the findings to personalized practice,” writes Forbes’ Ray Ravaglia. CodeSignal has built an AI agent “for each domain in its job taxonomy, such as engineering and sales, along with agents for capabilities that cut across jobs, among them communication and AI literacy,” notes Ravaglia. “The agents draw on systems including Gong, Salesforce, and GitHub, and they score what they find against rubrics the company says are grounded in industrial-organizational psychology.” 

A team of astronomers, including scientists from MIT, have developed Lumina, a complex computer simulation that “shows how the first galaxies, stars and other astral phenomena developed and evolved over the ensuing millennia,” reports Eric Lagatta for USA Today. “Lumina's simulations begin around 45 million years after the ‘Big Bang,’ when the universe is still ensconced in a cosmic dark age, as neutral hydrogen shrouded the universe, preventing light and other forms of radiation from traveling,” writes Lagatta. “The simulation covers a massive patch of the early universe, spanning about 1.6 billion light-years, as phenomena like dark matter, gas and stars form and grow.” 

Flapping Airplanes, a startup co-founded by Benjamin Spector ’22, MEng ’22, has developed a framework for AI models to run efficiently while being trained on less data and in a single graphics processing unit (GPU), writes Julie Bort for TechCrunch. The framework “can run a task that spends most of its time waiting for data to be fetched alongside one that spends most of its time doing math, so the chip is rarely sitting idle,” notes Bort. “The premise is that AI has barely scratched the surface of what GPUs can do, and they believe it can create intelligent systems ‘without ingesting half the internet.’”  

Financial Times reporter Clive Cookson details how the late Margaret Hamilton engineered code that would play a crucial role in achieving the first moon landing, at MIT’s Instrumentation Lab. When Apollo 11’s onboard computer flashed alarms minutes from landing on the moon, “Hamilton and colleagues had engineered the software to dump non-essential background tasks under those circumstances and prioritize procedures needed for the landing,” writes Cookson. “NASA controllers in Houston trusted the software, so they decided not to abort the mission, allowing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to touch down safely in their Eagle module.”  

Writing for Nature, Deputy Editorial Director Maia Weinstock honors the life and legacy of the late Margaret Hamilton, a pioneer of the software engineering field, who, at MIT’s Instrumentation Lab, led the team that wrote and tested software for the Apollo Guidance Computer onboard Apollo 11. Hamilton’s story “was also my inspiration for one of the vignettes in a Lego set that I created in 2016, featuring Hamilton and several other women in NASA history,” writes Weinstock. “She continued work at [her Universal Systems Language company] Hamilton Technologies well into her 80s, never failing to inspire me and countless others with her tenacity, humour, warmth and childlike wonder.”

Using satellite data, graduate student Caroline Needell and her colleagues found that the risk of runaway collapse in tall ice cliffs “depends on two main factors: how steeply the sea floor beneath the glacial ice deepens, and how quickly the ice flows seawards,” writes Marissa Grunes for New Scientist. “This idea has been suggested by idealized mathematical models, but had never been systematically measured in real glaciers,” notes Grunes. “The key question, says Needell, is whether thinning [from runaway collapse] can outcompete rapid ice loss, restabilizing the glacier. Her study suggests that it might.”  

At the STAT Summit, President Sally Kornbluth joined Holden Thorp, editor-in-chief of the Science family of journals, for a panel moderated by STAT’s Anil Oza. During the conversation, Kornbluth emphasized the importance of curiosity-driven research and education at institutions like MIT, highlighting MIT for America, a new initiative aimed at ensuring learners and educators from Kindergarten through community college across the country have access to STEM education. “We want to both meet people where they are, give their kids the opportunity, and also make them understand us as people who care about their communities,” says Kornbluth.

MIT spinout Cambridge Heavy Industries is developing a desktop-sized fusion reactor that can enable 50 to 80 experiments per day, writes TechCrunch’s Tim De Chant. “Cambridge Heavy’s fusion reactor uses lasers to compress a fuel target, similar to the groundbreaking experiment that proved controlled fusion reactions could produce more power than they consume,” notes De Chant. “But unlike other inertial confinement designs, Cambridge Heavy’s minimizes the number of lasers required to spark fusion.”  

Prof. Ankur Moitra and Prof. John Urschel share their thoughts with Forbes’ Alex Knapp about OpenAI releasing more than 700 math preprint papers online. “We’re used to landmark results being accompanied by new insights and theories,” writes Moitra. “But these feel different. The claims are spectacular, the papers are incomprehensible and there’s no punchline in sight that explains why the mysteries suddenly unraveled.” Adds Urschel: “It’s obvious that how we do and evaluate mathematics is going to have to change. What I think is constant is the fundamental idea of understanding that underpins our profession. And I’m excited to learn from these breakthroughs.” 

Boston Globe reporter Jon Chesto spotlights the fall fair event held as part of the MIT x GE Vernova Energy & Climate Alliance, during which, GE Vernova CEO Scott Strazik shared his enthusiasm for hiring MIT graduates. “Something we talk a lot about inside Vernova is the world is changing very quickly but we need to change quicker and even faster than that so we can lead in the world,” says Strazik. “Over the last year-plus on this campus, we see a lot of opportunities for us to get better through bringing you into the organization.”  

“Groundbreaking computer scientist” Margaret Hamilton, who at MIT’s Instrumentation Lab “led the team that created the onboard flight software for NASA’s moon-bound Apollo program and later in life was celebrated as a powerful symbol of women in technology,” has died at 90, writes Associated Press reporter Jamie Stengle. Hamilton “was very much a mathematician and into the abstraction of how to turn thought into software,” notes her daughter, Lauren. 

Chris Cassidy SM ’00, who “flew three space missions, commanded the International Space Station, and earned multiple combat awards for his service in Afghanistan,” moderated the USS Constitution Museum's Leadership Forum on Oct. 8, reports WCVB 5. “Cassidy served as NASA’s Chief Astronaut, accumulating 378 days in space, more than 54 hours across 10 spacewalks.”