Artificial intelligence

A new essay by Profs. Daron Acemoglu, David Autor and Simon Johnson, has offered “a more hopeful vision for the future of human work,” in a world infused with AI, reports Greg Rosalsky for NPR’s Planet Money. The authors “spend much of the essay providing a thought-provoking analysis of how new technologies can affect human jobs in general,” writes Rosalsky. “In short, it's complicated. Yes, often they do kill jobs. Other times they can make jobs less lucrative by, for example, making those jobs easier to do — or ‘de-skilling’ them — which means the supply of workers who can do these jobs goes up and wages for the occupation can go down.” 

Researchers at MIT have developed an “AI-driven optimization method that works like ‘ChatGPT for spreadsheets’ – a tabular foundation model designed to handle spreadsheet-style data common in engineering design problems,” reports Gene Marks for Forbes. “The AI system identifies which design variables matter most and focuses search efforts on those, making problem solving less cumbersome,” writes Marks. 

Prof. Sara Beery speaks with Smithsonian Magazine reporter Mike Bock about the benefits of AI use in ecological research. “There’s an increasing need to build strong machine learning skills directly in the ecological community,” says Beery. “These students don’t need to be AI researchers. But they do need access to the skills to apply these techniques to their research problems.” 

Prof. Sherry Turkle speaks with Fortune reporter Jacqueline Munis about the risks of using generative AI to address human emotions, such as grief. 

Prof. Robert Langer, Prof. Giovanni Traverso and former postdoctoral fellow Thomas von Erlach founded Vivtex, a biotechnology startup that has “created a high-tech system called a ‘GI tract on a chip’ that uses robotics and AI to test how drugs move through the human digestive system,” reports Beth Treffeisen for Boston.com. “The technology allows Vivtex to quickly test thousands of drug formulations and predict how they will be absorbed in people, much more accurately than traditional lab methods.” 

Prof. Daron Acemoglu speaks with WBUR Here & Now host Scott Tong about the impact of AI on the white-collar job market and the economy. “The advances in AI models have been pretty impressive,” says Acemoglu. “But right now, much of this is still in the lab, so to speak, meaning it has not spread to the productive sector of the economy. We are not seeing massive job losses…but of course we should be planning for how these models will be used and what their impact should be.”

Profs. Robert Langer, Giovanni Traverso and former postdoctoral fellow Thomas von Erlach have founded Vivtex, a biotechnology startup specializing in “oral alternatives to drugs administered by injections,” reports Jonathan Satlzman for The Boston Globe. Vivtex, now working in collaboration with Novo Nordisk, is looking to develop a new class of “pills to treat obesity and diabetes,” explains Saltzman. 

Guide Labs, co-founded by Julius Adebayo SM ’15, SM ’16, PhD ’22, has debuted a large language model designed to make “its actions easily interpretable,” reports Tim Fernholz for Tech Crunch. “Every token produced by the model can be traced back to its origins in the LLM’s training data,” explains Fernholz. 

Prof. Daron Acemoglu speaks with Fortune reporter Jake Angelo about his work studying the “origins of economic and political decay,” and the need for the U.S. to crack down “on economic inequality and tempering with job destruction.” “If we go down this path of destroying jobs [and] creating more inequality, U.S. democracy is not going to survive,” says Acemoglu.  

Prof. Anette “Peko” Hosoi and Jerry Lu MFin '24 speak with Eli Chavez of the Boston Business Journal about their work using AI technologies to help athletes improve their performance. Lu notes that the AI tool he created for figure skating allows athletes to not only evaluate themselves, “but it also lets you analyze pretty much everybody in history: your idols, your mentors, your coaches, or even your competitors, and you can make these measurements without having to ask them to do anything.”  

Prof. Anette “Peko” Hosoi and Jerry Lu MFin ’24 speak with Edgar B. Herwick III, host of GBH’s Curiosity Desk, about their work at the intersection of sports and technology. “We founded the [MIT] Sports Lab about 10 years ago and the idea was to give MIT students and MIT faculty a chance to apply their technical expertise to problems in sports, to advance the state-of-the-art, to help athletes achieve the maximum that they can achieve,” says Hosoi. 

Prof. Christopher Knittel speaks with New York Times reporter Claire Brown about the development of AI data centers and the potential of increased utility costs. “If it’s just a few industrial customers with behind-the-meter power plants, it doesn’t really matter,” says Knittel. [As data centers grow and expand] “these things are going to matter so much. We can get it right, but sadly, too, if we don’t do it right, we can get it really wrong.” 

“In Event of Moon Disaster,” a short deepfake film on display at the MIT Museum’s “AI: Mind the Gap” exhibit depicts an alternate reality where the Apollo 11 mission ended in disaster, reports Mark Feeney for The Boston Globe. The “unnervingly realistic deepfake” depicts President Richard Nixon addressing the nation regarding the failed mission. The film “manages to be both frightening, in showing how convincing deepfakes can be, and, however paradoxically, inspiring,” writes Feeney. 

Prof. Pat Pataranutaporn speaks with The Guardian reporter Andrew Gregory about the lack of safety warnings and disclaimers in AI overviews, specifically in AI-generated health materials. “The absence of disclaimers when users are initially served medical information creates several critical dangers,” says Pataranutaporn. “Disclaimers serve as a crucial intervention point. They disrupt this automatic trust and prompt users to engage more critically with the information they receive.”

Writing for The Atlantic, Prof. Deb Roy explores the impact of chatbots on language and learning development. “The ordinary forces that tether speech to consequence—social sanction, legal penalty, reputational loss—presuppose a continuous agent whose future can be made worse by what they say,” writes Roy. “With LLMs, there is no such locus. …When the speaker is an LLM, the human stakes that ordinarily anchor speech have nowhere to attach.”